Meet your skin’s matrix

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. Its main functions are protection, thermal regulation, and sensation. Our skin matrix refers to the complex and layered structure of our skin, which is made up of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer). Each layer of the skin provides unique and distinct functions. The three layers of the skin are:

Epidermis
The epidermis is the top, or visible, layer of the skin and is made up of four (in some locations, five) layers.

Skin cells develop in the bottom layer of the epidermis, then change form and function as they migrate toward the skin’s surface where they eventually shed as dead skin cells. This migration (a process called desquamation) takes approximately one month but varies person to person, with this process slowing as we age. While thin in comparison to the other skin layers, the epidermis is incredibly tough and provides an exterior barrier that keeps essential moisture in and external matter out. It is also home to melanocytes which are responsible for melanin production and pigment formation.

Microscopic tissue sample showing sparse purple-stained cellular structures against a pale background with fibrous patterns.

The epidermis

Microscopic tissue section with pink fibrous structures and darker purple-stained cellular regions along the bottom edge.

Close up of the layers in the epidermis

“Our skin matrix refers to the complex and layered structure of our skin, which is made up of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer). Each layer of the skin provides unique and distinct functions.”

Dermis
Beneath the epidermis is the dermis, which consists of two layers and is much thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is characterised by its diverse composition including connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Its intricate network of blood vessels ensures the supply of nutrients and oxygen that contribute to overall skin health. This connective tissue provides structure and strength to our skin. The dermis is also home to a high number of our treasured fibroblasts, which are responsible for producing important structural proteins such as collagen and elastin.

Hypodermis
The hypodermis (also known as the subcutaneous tissue), is the bottom layer of our skin. It consists of a thick layer of fat and connective tissue and its main functions include storing energy, connecting the dermis to your muscles and bones, insulating the body and protecting it from harm.

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Meet your skin’s matrix

“Our skin matrix refers to the complex and layered structure of our skin, which is made up of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer). Each layer of the skin provides unique and distinct functions.”